Ngaba uyayazi imbali yophuhliso lweDongfeng Company?

“ITshayina inkulu kakhulu, akwanelanga ukuba ne-FAW yodwa, ngoko ke kufuneka kwakhiwe umzi-mveliso wesibini weemoto.” Ekupheleni kowe-1952, emva kokuba zonke izicwangciso zokwakha umzi-mveliso wokuqala weemoto zigqityiwe, uSihlalo uMao Zedong wanika imiyalelo yokwakha umzi-mveliso wesibini weemoto. Kunyaka olandelayo, uMphathiswa wokuqala weShishini loMatshini waqala umsebenzi wokulungiselela iNkampani yeeMoto yeNombolo yesi-2, waza waseka iofisi yokulungiselela iFactory yeeMoto yeNombolo yesi-2 eWuhan.

Emva kokumamela izimvo zeengcali zaseSoviet, indawo yakhethwa kwindawo yaseWuchang yaza yaxelwa kwiKomiti yoLwakhiwo lweLizwe kunye neSebe lokuQala loShishino loMatshini ukuze ivunywe. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuba le nkqubo ixelwe kwiSebe loMatshini elinguNombolo 1, yabangela impikiswano enkulu. IKomiti yoLwakhiwo lweLizwe, iSebe loMatshini elinguNombolo 1 kunye neOfisi yeeMoto zonke zazicinga ukuba kuluncedo kakhulu ukwakha iMoto enguNombolo 2 eWuhan ngokwembono yolwakhiwo lwezoqoqosho. Nangona kunjalo, iWuhan imalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-800 ukusuka elunxwemeni kwaye ikwithafa apho iifektri zixinene khona, ngoko ke kulula ukuhlaselwa lutshaba emva kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe. Emva kokuphonononga ngokupheleleyo imeko-bume enkulu yelizwe lethu ngelo xesha, iSebe loMatshini elinguNombolo 1 ekugqibeleni lalahla isiphakamiso sokwakha umzi-mveliso eWuchang.

Nangona isindululo sokuqala saliwe, icebo lokwakha umzi-mveliso wesibini weemoto alizange liphele. NgoJulayi, ngo-1955, emva kwengxoxo ethile, abaphathi abaphezulu bagqiba ekubeni bathuthe indawo yeNombolo 2 Automobile ukusuka eWuchang ukuya eBaochechang kwidolophu esempuma yeChengdu, eSichuan. Ngeli xesha, iinkokheli eziphezulu zazizimisele kakhulu ukwakha iNombolo 2 Automobile, zaza zakha nendawo yokulala emalunga nama-20,000 square metres kwidolophu eseChengdu kwangethuba kakhulu.

Ekugqibeleni, esi sicwangciso asizange sizaliseke njengoko besicwangcisiwe. Ngenxa yengxabano yasekhaya malunga nobukhulu bendawo yeMoto yesi-2, kunye neeprojekthi zeziseko zophuhliso ezigqithisileyo eTshayina ngexesha leSicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu yokuqala, isicwangciso sokwakha umzi-mveliso weMoto yesi-2 samiswa okwethutyana ekuqaleni kuka-1957 phantsi kwempembelelo yendlela "yokulwa nobundlobongela". Ngeli xesha, iitalente zeemoto ezingaphezu kwewaka ezazisele ziphuthume eSichuan nazo zathunyelwa kwiSebe leMoto lesi-1, iFektri yeeMoto yesi-1 kunye namanye amashishini ukuze asebenze.

Kungekudala emva kokuba iprojekthi yesibini yeemoto iphumelele okwethutyana, iTshayina yaphinda yazisa ithuba elihle lokuxhasa ukuqaliswa kwemoto yesibini. Ngelo xesha, amavolontiya aseTshayina angene kwi-DPRK abuyela eTshayina ngamanani amakhulu, kwaye urhulumente wayejongene nengxaki enzima yendlela yokuhlalisa imikhosi. USihlalo uMao wacebisa ukuba kudluliselwe icandelo elivela kumavolontiya abuyiselweyo aze akhawuleze aye eJiangnan ukuze alungiselele umzi-mveliso wesibini weemoto.

Kwakuba kuthethwe oku, ukwanda kokwakhiwa komzi-mveliso wesibini weemoto kwaqaliswa kwakhona. Ngeli xesha, uLi Fuchun, owayengusekela-nkulumbuso ngelo xesha, wathi: “Akukho mzi-mveliso mkhulu eHunan kwintlambo yoMlambo iYangtze, ngoko ke umzi-mveliso wesibini weemoto uza kwakhiwa eHunan!” Ekupheleni kowe-1958, emva kokufumana imiyalelo kaSekela-Nkulumbuso, i-Automobile Bureau yeSebe lokuQala loMatshini yalungiselela imikhosi yokwenza umsebenzi wokukhetha indawo eHunan.

NgoFebruwari, ngo-1960, emva kokukhethwa kwendawo yokuqala, i-Automobile Bureau yangenisa ingxelo ngemiba ethile enxulumene nokwakhiwa kwe-Moto Factory No.2 kwi-Moto Factory No.1. Ngo-Aprili waloo nyaka, i-Moto Factory No.1 yamkela esi sicwangciso yaza yaseka iklasi yoqeqesho loomatshini yabantu abangama-800. Ngenxa yokuba i-Second Automobile Factory iza kuqala kakuhle ngenkxaso yabo bonke abachaphazelekayo, "ixesha elinzima leminyaka emithathu" ukusukela ngo-1959 laphinda lacinezela iqhosha lokumisa ukuqaliswa kwe-Second Automobile Project. Njengoko ilizwe lalikwixesha elinzima kakhulu kwezoqoqosho ngelo xesha, inkunzi yokuqala ye-Second Automobile Project yalibaziseka, kwaye le projekthi ye-moto fektri eyayingaphumelelanga kwafuneka iphinde ihle.

Ukunyanzelwa ukuba wehle kabini kwenza abantu abaninzi bazisole kwaye badane, kodwa urhulumente ophakathi akakaze ayeke ingcamango yokwakha umzi-mveliso wesibini weemoto. Ngo-1964, uMao Zedong wacebisa ukuba kuqwalaselwe kakhulu ukwakhiwa komgca wesithathu, waza wabeka phambili ingcamango yokwakha umzi-mveliso wesibini weemoto okwesithathu. Umzi-mveliso weenjini oNombolo 1 wasabela kakuhle, kwaye ukukhethwa kwendawo yomzi-mveliso weemoto oNombolo 2 kwenziwa kwakhona.

Emva kophando oluninzi, amaqela amaninzi okulungiselela agqibe ekubeni akhethe indawo ekufutshane neChenxi, iLuxi kunye neSongxi kwintshona yeHunan, ngoko ke yayinamanzi amathathu, ngoko ke yabizwa ngokuba yi "Sanxi Scheme". Emva koko, iqela lokulungiselela labika ngesicwangciso seSanxi kwiinkokheli, kwaye savunywa. Ukukhethwa kwendawo yeNombolo 2 Steam Turbine kwathatha inyathelo elikhulu phambili.

Kanye njengoko ukhetho lwendawo lwaluqhubeka ngokupheleleyo, urhulumente ophakathi wathumela imiyalelo ephezulu, waza wabeka phambili umgaqo-nkqubo oneempawu ezintandathu "wokuthembela entabeni, ukusasazeka nokuzimela", efuna ukuba indawo ibe kufutshane neentaba kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kunye nezixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokungena emngxunyeni. Enyanisweni, kule miyalelo, akunzima ukubona ukuba ngelo xesha, urhulumente wethu wagxila kwimfazwe ekukhethweni kwendawo yeNkampani yeeMoto yeNombolo yesi-2. Ukusuka koku, sinokwazi nokuba imeko-bume yehlabathi yaseNew China, esandula ukumiselwa iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, ayinoxolo.

Emva koko, uChen Zutao, ingcali yeemoto owayengumlawuli kunye nonjineli oyintloko weChangchun Automobile Factory, wakhawuleza waya kukhetha indawo. Emva kophando oluninzi kunye nomsebenzi wokulinganisa, amalungu amaninzi eqela lokulungiselela ngokusisiseko amisela isicwangciso sokukhetha indawo ngo-Okthobha 1964 aza abuya ngamanani amaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, emva nje kokuba isicwangciso sokukhetha indawo sithunyelwe kumphathi, inkqubo yokukhetha indawo yeNkampani yeeMoto yeNombolo yesi-2 yatshintsha ngequbuliso.

Ngokwezibalo ezicacileyo, ngexesha lokukhethwa kwendawo yeenyanga ezili-15 ukususela ngo-Okthobha, 1964 ukuya kuJanuwari, 1966, abantu abaninzi bathatha inxaxheba ekukhethweni kwendawo yeFektri yeeMoto yeNombolo yesi-2, baza bahlola izixeko kunye nezithili ezingama-57 ngoko nangoko, beqhuba malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-42,000 ngemoto, kwaye berekhoda idatha engaphezu kwe-12,000. Amalungu amaninzi eqela elilungiselelayo ade abuyela emakhaya ukuze aphumle kanye ngexesha lokuhlolwa kweenyanga ezili-10. Ngovavanyo olucwangcisiweyo nolupheleleyo lwemeko yokwenyani kwiindawo ezininzi, ekugqibeleni kwagqitywa ukuba indawo yoMlambo iShiyan-Jiangjun yayiyeyona ifanelekileyo yokwakha iifektri, kwaye inkqubo yokukhetha indawo yangeniswa ekuqaleni kuka-1966. Kufuneka kuthiwe umoya wesizukulwana esidala see-autobots eTshayina ezisebenza nzima kwaye zingoyiki ubunzima ngokwenene ufanelekile ukufunda kubavelisi beemoto basekhaya bangoku.

Nangona kunjalo, ngeli nqanaba, ukukhethwa kwendawo yeNkampani yeeMoto yeNombolo yesi-2 bekungekagqitywa. Ukususela ngoko, urhulumente ophakathi uthumele iingcali ezininzi ezivela kwihlabathi liphela ukongeza nokuphucula ukukhethwa kwendawo yeFektri yeeMoto yeNombolo yesi-2. Kwakungekho kude kube ngu-Okthobha ngo-1966 apho isicwangciso seNkampani yeeMoto yeNombolo yesi-2 sokwakha umzi-mveliso eShiyan sagqitywa ngokusisiseko.

Kodwa akuzange kuthathe xesha lide ukuba iNkampani yesiBini yeeMoto iphinde ingene engxakini. Ngo-1966, kwaqhambuka iNguquko yeNkcubeko eTshayina. Ngelo xesha, uninzi lweeRed Guards zalungiselela ukubhalela uLi Fuchun, uSekela-Nkulumbuso weBhunga leSizwe, amaxesha amaninzi, zisithi kukho iingxaki ezininzi ezisisiseko ekusekweni kweNkampani yesiBini yeeMoto eShiyan. Ngenxa yoko, isicwangciso sokwakha umzi-mveliso wesibini weemoto sarhoxiswa kwakhona.

Ngo-Epreli, 1967 nangoJulayi, 1968, iinkokeli eziphambili ze-No.1 Engine Factory zaya ekukhetheni indawo ye-No.2 Steam Turbine zaza zabamba iintlanganiso ezimbini zokulungisa indawo. Ekugqibeleni, emva kwengxoxo kwintlanganiso, kwathathwa isigqibo sokwakha i-No.2 Steam Turbine eShiyan sasichanekile, kodwa kuphela iinkcukacha ezithile ezazifuneka zilungiswe. Ke ngoko, i-No.1 Engine Factory yaqulunqa umgaqo "wokungashukumi okusisiseko kunye nohlengahlengiso olufanelekileyo", yaza yenza ukulungiswa okuncinci kwindawo ye-No.2 Steam Turbine. Emva kweminyaka eli-16 "yezihlandlo ezibini nezithathu"

Ukususela ekusekweni komzi-mveliso eShiyan ngo-1965, iNkampani yeeMoto yeNombolo yesi-2 iqalise uphuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kweemodeli zayo kumzi-mveliso wexeshana olula. Ekuqaleni kowe-1965, iSebe lokuQala leMishini labamba intlanganiso yomgaqo-nkqubo wobuchwephesha kunye nocwangciso lweshishini leemoto eChangchun, laza lagqiba ekubeni libeke iChangchun Automobile Research Institute phantsi kobunkokeli beNkampani yeeMoto yeNombolo yesi-2. Kwangaxeshanye, langenisa iimodeli zeempawu zeWanguo kunye neDodge ukuze zisetyenziswe, laza laphuhlisa imoto yokuqala yomkhosi engekho endleleni yeNkampani yeeMoto yeNombolo yesi-2 ngokubhekisele kwilori yeJiefang eyayiveliswa ngelo xesha.

Ngomhla woku-1 ku-Epreli, ngo-1967, iNkampani yeeMoto yeNombolo yesi-2, eyayingekaqalisi ngokusesikweni ukwakhiwa, yabamba umsitho wokwakha ngokutsha obalulekileyo eLugouzi, eShiyan, kwiPhondo laseHubei. Njengoko iNguquko yeNkcubeko yayisele ifikile ngelo xesha, umphathi weSithili saseYunyang wakhokela imikhosi ukuba iye kuma eofisini yokulungiselela ukuthintela iingozi. Kwaphela emva kweminyaka emibini emva kwalo msitho wokwakha ngokutsha, iNkampani yeeMoto yeNombolo yesi-2 yaqala ukwakhiwa.

Ngenxa yomyalelo karhulumente ophakathi wokuba “umkhosi kufuneka unikwe kuqala, kwaye umkhosi kufuneka ubekwe phambi kwabantu”, iNkampani yesiBini yeeMoto yagqiba ekubeni ivelise isithuthi somkhosi esingangeetoni ezingama-2.0 kunye nelori yetoni ezingama-3.5 ngo-1967. Emva kokuba imodeli igqityiwe, iNkampani yesiBini yeeMoto ayinakuza neqela elifanelekileyo lemveliso yophando nophuhliso. Ijongene nokunqongophala okukhulu kweetalente, iKomiti ePhakathi ye-CPC icele abanye abavelisi beemoto basekhaya ukuba basebenzise iitalente eziphambili ukunceda iNkampani yesiBini yeeMoto ukuba ijongane neengxaki eziphambili zemveliso.

Ngo-1969, emva kokutshintshatshintshana okuliqela, iFektri yeeMoto yesi-2 yaqala ukwakha ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, kwaye amajoni okwakha ayi-100,000 aqokelelana ngokulandelelana eShiyan evela kuzo zonke iindlela zelizwe. Ngokwezibalo, ekupheleni kuka-1969, kwakukho amaqela, iinjineli kunye nabasebenzi bobuchwephesha abayi-1,273 abazinikelayo ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwaye baxhase ukwakhiwa kweFektri yeeMoto yesi-2, kuquka uZhi Deyu, uMeng Shaonong kunye nenani elikhulu leengcali zobugcisa beemoto zasekhaya. Aba bantu babephantse bamele inqanaba eliphezulu kushishino lweemoto lwaseTshayina ngelo xesha, kwaye iqela labo laba ngumqolo weNkampani yesiBini yeeMoto.

Kwakungekho de kwaba ngu-1969 apho iNkampani yesiBini yeeMoto yaqalisa ngokusesikweni imveliso nolwakhiwo olukhulu. Iqela lokuqala leemodeli zophando nophuhliso yayiziimoto zomkhosi eziziitoni ezingama-2.0, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-20Y. Ekuqaleni, injongo yokuvelisa esi sithuthi yayikukurhuqa izixhobo zomkhosi. Emva kokuba iprototype ivelisiwe, iNkampani yesiBini yeeMoto yaphuhlisa iimodeli ezininzi ezisekelwe kule modeli. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuphuculwa kokulungela ukulwa kunye nokunyuka kobunzima bokutsala, umkhosi wafuna ukuba iitoni zale moto zinyuswe ziye kwiitoni ezingama-2.5. Le modeli ebizwa ngokuba yi-20Y ayizange ifakwe kwimveliso enkulu, kwaye iNkampani yesiBini yeeMoto nayo yajika yaphuhlisa le moto intsha ebizwa ngokuba yi-25Y.

Emva kokuba imodeli yesithuthi igqityiwe kwaye iqela lemveliso ligqityiwe, kwaphinda kwavela iingxaki ezintsha kwiNkampani yeeMoto yeNombolo yesi-2. Ngelo xesha, isiseko semizi-mveliso saseTshayina sasibuthathaka kakhulu, kwaye izixhobo zemveliso zeNkampani yeeMoto yeNombolo yesi-2 ezintabeni zazinqabile kakhulu. Ngelo xesha, ingasathethwa ke ngezixhobo ezinkulu zemveliso, kwanezakhiwo zefektri zaziziishedi zexeshana zeengcongolo, kunye ne-linoleum njengesilingi, iingcongolo zeengcongolo njengezahlulo kunye neengcango, kwaye ke kwakhiwa "isakhiwo sefektri". Olu hlobo lweshedi yeengcongolo lwalungenakumelana nehlobo elishushu kunye nokubanda, kodwa kwanokukhusela umoya nemvula.

Ngaphezu koko, izixhobo ezazisetyenziswa ngabasebenzi beNkampani yeeMoto yeNombolo yesi-2 ngelo xesha zazilinganiselwe kwizixhobo eziphambili ezifana neehammer kunye neehammer. Ixhomekeke kwinkxaso yobugcisa yeFektri yeeMoto yeNombolo yoku-1 kwaye ibhekisa kwiiparamitha zobugcisa zeJiefang Truck, iNkampani yesiBini yeeMoto yahlanganisa imoto yomkhosi engendleleni enobunzima obuziitoni ezingama-25Y kwiinyanga ezimbalwa. Okwangoku, imo yesithuthi itshintshe kakhulu xa ithelekiswa neyangaphambili.

Ukususela ngoko, isithuthi somkhosi esingangeetoni ezingama-2.5 esenziwe yiNkampani yeeMoto yesiBini siye sabizwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuba yi-EQ240. Ngomhla woku-1 kweyeDwarha ngo-1970, iNkampani yeeMoto yesiBini yathumela iqela lokuqala leemodeli ze-EQ240 ezidityaniswe eWuhan ukuze zithathe inxaxheba kumsitho wokukhumbula iminyaka engama-21 yokusekwa kweRiphabliki yabantu baseTshayina. Ngeli xesha, abantu beNkampani yeeMoto yesiBini abayivelisayo le moto babekhathazekile ngokuzinza kwale modeli ye-patchwork. Umzi-mveliso wade wathumela abasebenzi abangaphezu kwama-200 bemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ukuba bahlale ngasemva kwerostrum kwindawo yomsitho bephethe izixhobo zokulungisa iiyure ezininzi, ukuze balungise i-EQ240 ngeengxaki nangaliphi na ixesha. Kwakungekho de i-EQ240 yadlula ngempumelelo kwirostrum apho intliziyo ejingayo yeNkampani yeeMoto yesiBini yawa phantsi.

Ezi ndaba zihlekisayo azibonakali zintle namhlanje, kodwa kubantu ngelo xesha, zingumfanekiso wokwenene womsebenzi onzima weSecond Automobile Factory ngemihla yayo yokuqala. Ngomhla we-10 kweyeSilimela ngo-1971, umgca wokuqala wokudibanisa iimoto weNombolo 2 Automobile Company wagqitywa, kwaye inkampani yesibini yeemoto enomgca opheleleyo wokudibanisa yabonakala ngathi iyayamkela intwasahlobo. Ngomhla woku-1 kweyeKhala, umgca wokudibanisa walungiswa kwaye wavavanywa ngempumelelo. Ukususela ngoko, inkampani yesibini yeemoto igqibe imbali yeemoto ezenziwe ngesandla eLuxipeng.

Ukususela ngoko, ukuze kutshintshwe umfanekiso we-EQ240 ezingqondweni zabantu, iqela lobuchwephesha elikhokelwa nguChen Zutao liqalise utshintsho lwe-EQ240 emva kokugqitywa komgca wokudibanisa. Emva kokuphuculwa okuliqela kwingqungquthela yokujongana neengxaki eziphambili, ukuqaliswa komyalelo kunye nokulungiswa komgangatho wobunjineli, iNkampani yesiBini yeeMoto isombulule iingxaki eziphambili ezili-104 ze-EQ240 kwisithuba esingaphezu konyaka omnye, kubandakanya iindawo ezingaphezulu kwama-900 eziguquliweyo.

Ukususela ngo-1967 ukuya ku-1975, emva kweminyaka esibhozo yophando nophuhliso, imveliso kunye nophuculo, i-EQ240, isithuthi sokuqala somkhosi esingekho endleleni yeSityalo sesibini sokuVelisa iiMoto, ekugqibeleni sagqitywa saza safakwa kwimveliso enkulu. Isithuthi somkhosi esingekho endleleni esabizwa ngokuba yi-EQ240 sibhekisa kwilori yokukhulula ngelo xesha, kwaye i-grille engaphambili ethe nkqo ihambelana noyilo lwelori oludumileyo lwelo xesha, nto leyo eyenza le moto ibonakale inzima kakhulu.

Kwangaxeshanye, iNkampani yeeMoto yeNombolo yesi-2 yabhengeza kwiBhunga leSizwe ukuba igama lophawu lweemveliso zayo liza kuba yi-“Dongfeng”, elavunywa yiBhunga leSizwe. Ukususela ngoko, imoto yesibini kunye neDongfeng ziye zaba ngamazwi adibeneyo.

Ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1970, iChina ne-United States zabuqhelanisa ubudlelwane bezopolitiko kancinci kancinci, kodwa iSoviet Union yangaphambili, umzalwana omkhulu, yayijonge umda weTshayina. Ngoncedo lweSoviet Union yangaphambili, iVietnam yayisoloko ivuselela umda weTshayina neVietnam, ibulala kwaye yenzakalisa abantu bethu bomda kunye nabalindi bomda, kwaye ihlasela umhlaba weTshayina. Phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo, iTshayina yaqalisa uhlaselo lokuzikhusela nxamnye neVietnam ekupheleni kowe-1978. Ngeli xesha, i-EQ240, eyayisandula ukusekwa, yahamba nayo yaya kumgca ongaphambili ukuze ivavanywe kakhulu.

Ukususela kwi-EQ240 yokuqala eyakhiwe eLuxipeng ukuya ekugqityweni ngempumelelo kohlaselo lokulwa neVietnam, umzi-mveliso wesibini weemoto nawo ufikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu kumandla okuvelisa. Ngo-1978, umgca wokudibanisa weNkampani yeeMoto yeNombolo yesi-2 wawunezinga lokuvelisa iiyunithi ezingama-5,000 ngonyaka. Nangona kunjalo, amandla okuvelisa anyukile, kodwa inzuzo yeNkampani yeeMoto yeNombolo yesi-2 yehla. Isizathu esiphambili sale meko kukuba iNkampani yeeMoto yeNombolo yesi-2 ibisoloko ivelisa izithuthi zomkhosi ezingaphandle kwendlela kunye neelori ezikhonza umkhosi. Ekupheleni kwemfazwe, aba bantu banomthamo omkhulu kunye neendleko eziphezulu abanandawo yokusebenzisa, kwaye iNkampani yeeMoto yeNombolo yesi-2 iwele kwingxaki yokulahlekelwa.

Enyanisweni, ngaphambi kokuba kuqale uhlaselo lokulwa neVietnam, ishishini leemoto lasekhaya, kuquka neNkampani yeeMoto yeNombolo yesi-2, layibona kwangaphambili le meko. Ngoko ke, kwasekuqaleni kowe-1977, i-FAW yadlulisela ubuchwepheshe belori yayo ye-CA10 yeetoni ezi-5 kwiNkampani yeeMoto yeNombolo yesi-2 simahla, ukuze iNkampani yeeMoto yeNombolo yesi-2 ikwazi ukwenza ilori yoluntu ukuze iphephe le meko kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Ngelo xesha, i-FAW yakha ilori ebizwa ngokuba yi-CA140, eyayicetyelwe ukuba ithathe indawo ye-CA10. Ngeli xesha, i-FAW yadlulisela le lori kwiNkampani yeeMoto yeNombolo yesi-2 ukuze iphande kwaye ivelise. Ngokwethiyori, i-CA140 yandulela i-EQ140.

Ayisiyoteknoloji kuphela, kodwa ikwayisiseko somzekelo we-CA10 owaphuhliswa yi-FAW, enceda iNkampani yesiBini yeeMoto ukuba iphuhlise le lori iqhelekileyo. Ngenxa yokuba aba basebenzi banamava amaninzi, inkqubo yophando nophuhliso lwale lori ihamba kakuhle kakhulu. Ngelo xesha, iisampulu ezininzi zeelori eziziitoni ezi-5 kwihlabathi zahlalutywa zaza zathelekiswa. Emva kwezilingo ezihlanu ezinzima, iqela le-R&D lasombulula iingxaki eziphantse zibe yi-100, ezinkulu nezincinci. Le lori iqhelekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-EQ140 yafakwa ngokukhawuleza kwimveliso enkulu phantsi kokukhuthazwa ngabaphathi abaphezulu.

Ukubaluleka kwale lori yemoto i-EQ140 kwiNkampani yesiBini yeeMoto kungaphezulu kakhulu koko. Ngo-1978, umsebenzi wokuvelisa owawunikwe yiNkampani yesiBini yeeMoto yayikukuvelisa izithuthi zabantu abaqhelekileyo ezingama-2,000, ixabiso lebhayisekile liyi-27,000 yuan. Kwakungekho njongo yezithuthi zomkhosi, kwaye urhulumente wayeceba ukulahlekelwa yi-32 yezigidi zeeyuan, xa kuthelekiswa nomgomo wangaphambili we-50 yezigidi zeeyuan. Ngelo xesha, iNkampani yesiBini yeeMoto yayiseyikhaya elikhulu elilahlekelwa yimali kwiPhondo laseHubei. Ukuze ilahleko iguqulwe ibe yinzuzo, ukunciphisa iindleko kwakungundoqo, kwaye kwafuneka kuveliswe izithuthi zabantu abaqhelekileyo ezingama-5,000, nto leyo eyanciphisa iindleko ukusuka kwi-27,000 yuan ukuya kwi-23,000 yuan. Ngelo xesha, iNkampani yesiBini yeeMoto yabeka isiqubulo esithi "ukuqinisekisa umgangatho, ukuzama ukuvelisa ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokuguqula ilahleko". Ngokuphathelele esi sigqibo, kukwacetyiswa ukuba “kulwelwe ukuphuculwa komgangatho wemveliso”, “kulwelwe ukwakhiwa kwamandla okuvelisa iilori ezi-5 zeetoni”, “kulwelwe umnqwazi wokwenza ilahleko” kunye “nokulwela ukuveliswa kweelori ezi-5,000 zeetoni ezi-5 ngonyaka”.

Ngoncedo lwamandla kaHubei, ngo-1978, iNkampani yeeMoto yeNombolo yesi-2 yaqalisa ngokusesikweni idabi elinzima lokuguqula ilahleko ibe yinzuzo ngale moto. Ngo-Epreli 1978 kuphela, yavelisa iimodeli ezingama-420 ze-EQ140, yavelisa izithuthi ezingama-5,120 kunyaka wonke, kunye nemveliso engaphezulu kwezithuthi ezingama-3,120 kunyaka wonke. Endaweni yokuguqula ilahleko ebezicwangcisiwe zibe yinyani, yaguqula i-1.31 yezigidi zeeyuan kurhulumente yaza yaguqula ilahleko yaba yinzuzo ngendlela epheleleyo. Yadala ummangaliso ngelo xesha.

NgoJulayi, ngo-1980, xa uDeng Xiaoping wayehlola iNkampani yesiBini yeeMoto, wathi, “Kulungile ukuba ninikele ingqalelo kwizithuthi zomkhosi, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha, ngokusisiseko, kusafuneka siphuhlise iimveliso zabantu abaqhelekileyo.” Esi sivakalisi asikokuqinisekisa nje kuphela indlela yophuhliso yangaphambili yeNkampani yeeMoto yeNombolo yesiBini, kodwa sikwacacisa nomgaqo-nkqubo osisiseko “wokudlulisela ukusuka emkhosini ukuya kubantu abaqhelekileyo”. Ukusukela ngoko, iNkampani yeeMoto yeNombolo yesiBini iye yandisa utyalo-mali lwayo kwizithuthi zabantu abaqhelekileyo kwaye yonyusa amandla okuvelisa izithuthi zabantu abaqhelekileyo ukuya kwi-90% yamandla onke okuvelisa.

Kwangaloo nyaka mnye, uqoqosho lwesizwe lungene kwixesha lohlengahlengiso, kwaye iNkampani yeeMoto yeNombolo yesi-2 yadweliswa njengeprojekthi “emiswe okanye ebambezelekileyo” yiBhunga leSizwe. Bejongene nemeko embi, abenzi bezigqibo beNkampani yeeMoto yeNombolo yesi-2 bazisa ingxelo “yokuphila ngokwemali esinayo, ukuqokelela imali ngokwethu, nokuqhubeka nokwakha iNkampani yeeMoto yeNombolo yesi-2” kurhulumente, eyavunywayo. “Ukulunyulwa” kwelizwe kunye nophuhliso olunesibindi lwamashishini kunamandla aphindwe kalishumi nakalikhulu kunokwakhiwa kwenyathelo ngenyathelo phantsi kwenkqubo yoqoqosho ecwangcisiweyo, eye yakhulula amandla emveliso, yakhuthaza uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lweNkampani yeeMoto yesi-2 kwaye yenza igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso loqoqosho lwelizwe.” UHuang Zhengxia, owayengumlawuli weNkampani yeeMoto yesi-2 ngelo xesha, wabhala kwiimbali zakhe.

Nangona iNkampani yeeMoto yeNombolo yesi-2 yaqhubeka nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha ngokusekelwe kwiimodeli ze-EQ240 kunye ne-EQ140, ulwakhiwo lwemveliso yeshishini leemoto zasekhaya laseTshayina lwalungalingani kangako ngelo xesha. "Ukungabikho kobunzima kunye nobunzima obulula, phantse imoto engenanto" yayiyingxaki engxamisekileyo kubavelisi beemoto abakhulu ngelo xesha. Ke ngoko, kwisicwangciso sophuhliso lwemveliso sowe-1981-1985, iNkampani yeeMoto yeNombolo yesi-2 yaphinda yabeka phambili isicwangciso sokuphuhlisa ilori yedizili ye-flathead, ukuze kuzaliswe umsantsa "wokungabikho kobunzima" eTshayina.

Ukuze kufinyezwe ixesha lokuphuculwa kwemveliso, kunye nokubonelela ngotshintsho lwasekhaya kunye nendawo yokuvula ngelo xesha, iSecond Automobile Company yagqiba ekubeni ifunde kumava aphambili obuchwephesha angaphandle ukuze igqibezele uphando kunye nophuhliso lwale lori inzima enentloko ezisicaba. Emva kweminyaka eliqela yophando kunye nophuculo, imoto entsha yedizili enentloko ezisicaba eziziitoni ezisi-8 yaphuma kancinci kancinci kumgca wokudibanisa ngo-1990. Le moto ibizwa ngokuba yi-EQ153. Ngelo xesha, abantu babethetha kakuhle ngale EQ153 ngembonakalo entle kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, kwaye "ukuqhuba iinkuni ezisicaba ezisibhozo nokwenza imali ingene" yayiyindlela yokubonisa iminqweno yokwenyani yabaninzi babanini beemoto ngelo xesha.

Ukongeza, amandla eNombolo yesi-2 yeAutomobile Co., Ltd. nawo akhula ngokukhawuleza ngeli xesha. NgoMeyi 1985, izithuthi ezingama-300,000 zaseDongfeng zaphuma kumgca wokudibanisa. Ngelo xesha, iimoto eziveliswe yiNombolo yesi-2 yeAutomobile Co., Ltd. zazinenxalenye yesibhozo yobunini beemoto zesizwe. Kwiminyaka emibini nje kamva, iNombolo yesi-2 yeAutomobile Co., Ltd. yazisa izithuthi ezingama-500,000 eziphuma kumgca wokudibanisa kwaye yaphumelela ekuveliseni izithuthi ezingama-100,000 ngonyaka, iphakathi kwamashishini anemveliso enkulu yonyaka yeelori eziphakathi ehlabathini.

Ngaphambi kokuba iNkampani yesiBini yeeMoto inikwe igama elitsha ngokusemthethweni elithi “iDongfeng Motor Company”, ubunkokeli ngelo xesha bacebisa ukuba ukwakhiwa kweelori “kukwinqanaba lesikolo samabanga aphantsi” kuphela kwaye ukwakhiwa kweemoto “kukwinqanaba leyunivesithi”. Ukuba ufuna ukuba namandla kwaye ube mkhulu, kufuneka wakhe imoto encinci. Ngelo xesha, kwimarike yeemoto zasekhaya, iShanghai Volkswagen yayisele inkulu kakhulu, kwaye iNkampani yesiBini yeeMoto yasebenzisa eli thuba yaza yabeka iseti yesicwangciso sophuhliso lweemoto ezidibeneyo.

Ngo-1986, iNkampani yeeMoto eyayiyiNombolo yesi-2 ngelo xesha yangenisa ngokusesikweni kwiBhunga leSizwe iNgxelo yoMsebenzi wokuQala woPhuhliso lweeMoto eziQhelekileyo kwiFektri yeeMoto eyiNombolo yesi-2. Ngenkxaso enamandla yamaqela afanelekileyo, iinkokheli zeKhomishini yezoQoqosho yeLizwe, iKhomishini yoCwangciso, iKhomishini yoMatshini kunye namanye amasebe zaya kwiNgqungquthela yaseBeidaihe ngo-1987. Le ngqungquthela yayixoxa kakhulu ngophuhliso lweemoto yiNkampani yeeMoto yesiBini. Emva nje kwentlanganiso, urhulumente ophakathi wavuma ngokusesikweni umgaqo-nkqubo weqhinga "lophuhliso oludibeneyo, intsebenziswano yokumisela iifektri, ulwalathiso lokuthumela ngaphandle kunye nokutshintshwa kwempahla evela kwamanye amazwe" owabekwa yiNkampani yeeMoto yesiBini.

Emva kokuba isicwangciso sokubambisana sivunyiwe ngurhulumente ophakathi, iNkampani yeeMoto yeNombolo yesiBini ngoko nangoko yenza utshintshiselwano olukhulu lwamazwe ngamazwe yaza yaqala ukufuna amaqabane. Ngexesha lonyaka ka-1987-1989, iNkampani yeeMoto yesiBini ngelo xesha yangena kwiingxoxo zentsebenziswano ezingama-78 neenkampani zeemoto zangaphandle ezili-14, yaza yathumela abathunywa abali-11 ukuba batyelele, yaza yamkela abathunywa abangama-48 ukuba batyelele baze batshintshiselane kumzi-mveliso. Ekugqibeleni, iNkampani yeeMoto yeCitroen yaseFransi yakhethwa ukuba isebenzisane.

Kwinkulungwane yama-21, iDongfeng yaqalisa incopho yokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo se-joint venture. Ngowama-2002, iDongfeng Motor Company yasayina isivumelwano se-joint venture nePSA Group of France ukuze kwandiswe intsebenziswano, kwaye umxholo ophambili wale joint venture kukwazisa uphawu lwePeugeot eTshayina ngendlela epheleleyo. Emva kwe-joint venture, igama lenkampani yiDongfeng Peugeot. Ngowama-2003, iDongfeng Motor Company yaphinda yafumana uhlengahlengiso lwe-joint venture. Ekugqibeleni iDongfeng Motor Company yafikelela kwisivumelwano neNissan Motor Company sokuseka iDongfeng Motor Co., Ltd. ngendlela yotyalo-mali lwe-50%. Emva koko, iDongfeng Motor Company yaqalisa unxibelelwano neHonda Motor Company. Emva kokubonisana, amaqela omabini atyale i-50% ukuseka iDongfeng Honda Motor Company. Kwiminyaka emibini nje kuphela, iDongfeng Motor Company yasayina izivumelwano ze-joint venture neenkampani ezintathu zeemoto eFransi naseJapan.

Okwangoku, iDongfeng Motor Company yenze uthotho lweemveliso ezisekelwe kwiilori eziphakathi, iilori ezinzima kunye neemoto. Kuyo yonke imbali yophuhliso lweminyaka engama-50 yophawu lweDongfeng, amathuba kunye nemingeni ibisoloko ihamba nabantu baseDongfeng. Ukususela kubunzima bokwakha iifektri ekuqaleni ukuya kubunzima bokuvelisa izinto ezintsha ngoku, abantu baseDongfeng baye badlula kwindlela enzima benesibindi sokutshintsha nokunyamezela.

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